Which of the following best describes the goal of exploratory data analysis (EDA)?

The goal of exploratory data analysis (EDA) is to summarize data sets and uncover underlying patterns. EDA involves examining the data visually and numerically to understand its structure, identify trends, and reveal insights that may not be immediately apparent. This process allows researchers to generate hypotheses and inform further analysis.

Unlike confirming existing theories through statistical tests, EDA is primarily about discovery, making it distinct from confirmatory analysis. It also does not focus on validating measurement tools or establishing causal relationships, which are more specifically addressed in confirmatory research designs. Therefore, summarizing data sets and uncovering patterns is at the heart of EDA, which is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding of the data before applying more formal statistical methods.