What is the main purpose of regression analysis?

The main purpose of regression analysis is to estimate the relationship among multiple variables. This technique allows researchers to understand how the dependent variable is influenced by one or more independent variables. By establishing a mathematical model, regression analysis helps to identify patterns, make predictions, and infer causal relationships based on the data provided.

In a typical regression setup, one might be interested in understanding how various factors contribute to an outcome. For instance, in a psychological study, researchers may use regression to examine how factors like age, education, and socio-economic status influence mental health outcomes. This ability to quantify relationships between variables is vital for drawing meaningful conclusions from complex data sets.

Additionally, regression provides insight into both the strength and direction of the relationships being studied, which is not something that can be accomplished through simpler statistical measures.