What is the goal of random sampling?

The goal of random sampling is to ensure that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. This approach minimizes bias in the selection process, leading to a sample that adequately represents the overall population. By giving every individual the same likelihood of selection, random sampling enhances the validity and reliability of inferences made from the sample to the broader population. This technique is fundamental in statistics because it helps to produce unbiased results and reduces the potential for systematic errors influenced by factors such as demographics or other characteristics.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of random sampling. Collecting data from a predetermined group implies a targeted selection process, which can introduce bias. Increasing the representation of specific groups suggests a non-random approach aimed at ensuring certain segments are included more than others, which goes against the principle of equal probability. Finally, while random sampling might contribute to decreased variability in the sample, this is a secondary benefit rather than the primary goal, which is focused on equal opportunity for selection among all members of the population.