What is a data set?

A data set is defined as a collection of measurements or observations. This encompasses a variety of information that researchers gather during studies, which can include responses from surveys, experimental results, and any numerical or categorical data collected for analysis. The essence of a data set lies in its ability to provide a structured format for analysis, allowing researchers to draw conclusions, identify patterns, or test hypotheses based on the compilation of multiple data points.

The other options do not accurately capture the concept of a data set. For instance, a single datum refers to just one piece of information rather than a collection. Irrelevant numerical values do not contribute to the scientific understanding or analysis and therefore do not constitute a valid data set. Theoretical measurements, while they can be useful in model building or simulations, do not constitute actual data collected from observations or experiments. Thus, focusing on the definition of a collection of measurements or observations makes it clear why this choice is the most accurate representation of what a data set is.