What information does effect size provide in a statistical analysis?

Effect size quantifies the magnitude of a phenomenon or relationship, making it an essential component of statistical analysis. It goes beyond merely indicating whether a result is statistically significant; instead, it provides insight into how strong that relationship or effect actually is. For instance, a small effect size might suggest a minor impact, whereas a large effect size indicates a more substantial effect, allowing researchers to gauge the real-world relevance of their findings. This information is crucial for interpreting the practical implications of results and for comparing the strength of effects across different studies. Understanding effect size enables researchers to communicate their findings more effectively, especially in the context of applied settings.